Polyhydroxybutyricacid (PHB)

Research group Prof. Dr. Dieter Jendrossek

Our research group deals with the metabolism of biopolymers in microorganisms: Polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) and related polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are synthesised by many bacteria as storage materials in the form of PHA granules. PHAs are so-called "bioplastics" and are considered environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional crude oil-based plastics due to their biodegradability to H2O and CO2 and synthesis from renewable resources. PHA granules, with their complex surface structure of diverse proteins, represent small functional units (organelles) for which we have coined the term "carbonosomes".In our group we investigate the proteins involved in the subcellular formation of PHB/PHA granules and their individual functions.

Composition of a PHB Granulum
Composition of a Polyhydroxybutyricacid (PHB)-Granulum in Ralstonia eutropha (see Scientific Reports 6:26612, DOI: 10.1038/srep26612)
Formation of PHB (red) and PolyP (green) in Ralstonia eutropha H16
Formation of PHB (red) and PolyP (green) in Ralstonia eutropha H16

PHB Formation in Ralstonia eutropha

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© Institute for Microbiology

Publications

Articles:

Handrick, R., Reinhard, S. Jendrossek, D. 2000.
Mobilization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in Ralstonia eutropha.
J. Bacteriol., 182:5916-5918

Jendrossek, D., R. Handrick. 2002.
Microbial degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates.
Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 56:403-432

Handrick, R., Technow, U., Reichart, T., Reinhardt, S., Sander, T., Jendrossek, D. 2004.
The activator of the Rhodospirillum rubrum PHB depolymerase is a polypeptide that is extremely resistant to high temperature (121°C) and other physical or chemical stresses.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 230:265-74

Handrick, R., Reinhardt, S., Schultheiss, D., Reichart, T., D. Schüler, V. Jendrossek, D., Jendrossek, D. 2004.
Unraveling of the function of the Rhodospirillum rubrum activator of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation: the activator is a PHB granule bound protein (phasin).
J. Bacteriol. 186:2466-75

Handrick, R., Reinhardt, S., Kimmig, P., Jendrossek, D. 2004.
The “intracellular” PHB depolymerase of Rhodospirillum rubrum is an periplasm-located enzyme with similarity to extracellular PHB depolymerases.
J. Bacteriol. 186:7243-7253

Gebauer, B., Jendrossek, D. 2006.
Assay of PHB Depolymerase activity and product determination.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:6094-6100

Jendrossek D., Selchow O., Hoppert M. 2007.
PHB granules at the early stages of formation are localized close to the cytoplasmic membrane in Caryophanon latum.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 73:586-593.

Hermawan, S. Jendrossek, D. 2007.
Microscopical investigation of PHB granules formation in Azotobacter vinelandii.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 266:60-64

Jendrossek. D. 2007.
Peculiarities of PHB granules preparation and PHA depolymerase activity determination.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 74:1186-1196

Wang, L., Armbruster, W., Jendrossek, D. 2007.
Production of medium-chain length hydroxyalkanoic acids by pH stat.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 74:1047-1053.

Uchino, K., Saito, B., Gebauer, B., Jendrossek, D. 2007.
Isolated Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granules are complex bacterial organelles catalyzing formation of PHB from acetyl-CoA and degradation of PHB to acetyl-CoA.
J. Bacteriol. 189:8250-8256.


Uchino, K., Saito, T., Jendrossek, D. 2008
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZa1 is involved in mobilization of accumulated PHB in Ralstonia eutropha H16,
Appl Environ Microbiol. 74: 1058-1063.

Sznajder, A., Jendrossek, D. 2011.
Biochemical characterization of a new type of intracellular PHB depolymerase from Rhodospirillum rubrum with high hydrolytic activity on native PHB granules
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 89:1487–1495

Cao C, Yudin Y, Bikard Y, Chen W, Liu T, Li H, Jendrossek D, Cohen A, Pavlov E, Rohacs T, Zakharian E (2013) Polyester modification of the mammalian TRPM8 channel protein: implications for structure and function. Cell Rep 4:302–315. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.022

Sznajder A, Jendrossek D (2014) To be or not to be a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase: PhaZd1 (PhaZ6) and PhaZd2 (PhaZ7) of Ralstonia eutropha, highly active PHB depolymerases with no detectable role in mobilization of accumulated PHB. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:4936–4946. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01056-14

Tumlirsch T, Sznajder A, Jendrossek D (2015) Formation of polyphosphate by polyphosphate kinases and its relationship to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) accumulation in Ralstonia eutropha strain H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:8277–8293. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02279-15

Quelas JI, Mesa S, Mongiardini EJ, Jendrossek D, Lodeiro AR (2016) Regulation of Polyhydroxybutyrate Synthesis in the Soil Bacterium Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:4299–4308. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00757-16

Klotz A, Georg J, Bučinská L, Watanabe S, Reimann V, Januszewski W, Sobotka R, Jendrossek D, Hess WR, Forchhammer K (2016) Awakening of a Dormant Cyanobacterium from Nitrogen Chlorosis Reveals a Genetically Determined Program. Current Biology 26:2862–2872. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.08.054

Nowroth V, Marquart L, Jendrossek D (2016) Low temperature-induced viable but not culturable state of Ralstonia eutropha and its relationship to accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate. FEMS Microbiol Lett 363:fnw249. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnw249

Kellici TF, Mavromoustakos T, Jendrossek D, Papageorgiou AC (2017) Crystal structure analysis, covalent docking and molecular dynamics calculations reveal a conformational switch in PhaZ7 PHB depolymerase. Proteins 276:36215. doi: 10.1002/prot.25296

Juengert J, Bresan S, Jendrossek D (2018) Determination of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Content in Ralstonia eutropha Using Gas Chromatography and Nile Red Staining. Bio-protocol. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2748

Jüngert JR, Borisova M, Mayer C, Wolz C, Brigham CJ, Sinskey AJ, Jendrossek D (2017) Absence of ppGpp Leads to Increased Mobilization of Intermediately Accumulated Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol AEM.00755–17. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00755-17

Adaya L, Millán M, Peña C, Jendrossek D, Espín G, Tinoco-Valencia R, Guzmán J, Pfeiffer D, Segura D (2018) Inactivation of an intracellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate depolymerase of Azotobacter vinelandii allows to obtain a polymer of uniform high molecular mass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 187:6982–15. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-8806-y

Jüngert JR, Patterson C, Jendrossek D (2018) Ralstonia eutropha's Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) polymerase PhaC1 and PHB depolymerase PhaZa1 are phosphorylated in vivo. Appl Environ Microbiol AEM.00604–18. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00604-18

Müller-Santos M, Koskimäki JJ, Alves LPS, de Souza EM, Jendrossek D, Pirttilä AM (2020) The protective role of PHB and its degradation products against stress situations in bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Rev 102:2693. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa058

 

Articles (Selection):

Jendrossek, D., Knoke, I., Habibian, R.B., Steinbüchel, A., Schlegel, H. G. 1993.
Degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, by bacteria and purification of a novel PHB depolymerase from Comamonas sp.
J. Environ. Polym. Degrad. 1:53-63.

Schirmer, A., Jendrossek, D., Schlegel, H. G. 1993.
Degradation of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) [P(3HO)] by bacteria: purification and properties of a P(3HO) depolymerase from Pseudomonas fluorescens GK13.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:1220-1227.

Schirmer, A., Jendrossek, D. 1994.
Molecular characterization of the extracellular poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) [P(3HO)] depolymerase gene of Pseudomonas fluorescens GK13 and of its gene product.
J. Bacteriol. 176:7065-7073

Jendrossek, D., Frisse, A., Behrendes, A., Andermann, M., Kratzin, H. D., Stanislawski T., Schlegel, H. G. 1995.
Biochemical and molecular characterization of the Pseudomonas lemoignei polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) depolymerase system.
J. Bacteriol. 177:596-607

Behrends, A., Klingbeil, B., Jendrossek, D. 1996.
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerases bind to their substrate by a C-terminal located substrate binding site.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 143:191-194.

Molitoris, K. P., Moss, S. T., de Koning, G. Jendrossek, D. 1996.
SEM analysis of poly-hydroxyalkanoate degradation by bacteria.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46:570-579.

Jendrossek, D. Schirmer, A., Schlegel, H. G. 1996.
Biodegradation of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids, Review,
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 46:451-463.

Jendrossek, D., Schirmer, A., Handrick, R. 1997.
Recent advances in characterization of bacterial PHA depolymerases.
In : Eggink, G., Steinbüchel, A., Poirier, Y., Witholt, B. (Eds.). 1996 International Symposium on bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada.

Spyros, A, Kimmrich, Briese, B.H., Jendrossek, D. 1997.
1H-NMR imaging study of enzymatic degradation in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate). Evidence for preferential degradation of the amorphous phase by the depolymerase B from Pseudomonas lemoignei.
Macromolecules 30:8218-8225.

Terpe, K., Kerkhoff, K., Pluta, E. Jendrossek, D 1999.
Relationship between succinate transport and production of extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase in Pseudomonas lemoignei.
Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 65:1703-1709.

Focarete, M.L., Scandola, M., Jendrossek, D., Adamus, G. Sikorska, W. Kowalczuk, M. 1999.
Bioassimilation of oligomers of atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] by selected bacterial strains.
Macromolecules 32:4814-4818.

Jendrossek, D. 2001.
Transfer of [Pseudomanas] lemoignei, a Gram-negative rod with restricted catabolic capacity, to Paucimonas gen. nov. with one species, Paucimonas lemoignei comb. nov.
Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51:905-908

Handrick, R., Reinhardt, S., Focarete, M.L., Scandola, M., Adamus, G., Kowalczuk, M., Jendrossek, D. 2001.
A new type of thermoalkalophilic hydrolase of Paucimonas lemoignei with high specificity for amorphous polyesters of short-chain-length hydroxyalkanoic acids.
J. Biol. Chem., 276:36215-36224.

Reinhardt, S., Handrick, R., Jendrossek, D. 2002.
The „PHB depolymerase inhibitor“ of Paucimonas lemoignei is a PHB depolymerase.
Biomacromolecules 3:823-827.

Jendrossek, D., R. Handrick. 2002.
Microbial degradation of polyhydroxyalkanoates.
Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 56:403-432

Elbanna, K., Lütke-Eversloh, T., Jendrossek, D., Steinbüchel, A. 2004.
Studies on the biodegradability of polythioesters by polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) degrading bacteria and PHA depolymerases.
Arch. Microbiol. 182:212-225

Kapetaniou EG, Braaz R, Jendrossek D., Papageorgiou AC. 2005.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a novel thermoalkalophilic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) depolymerase (PhaZ7) from Paucimonas lemoignei.
Acta Crystallograph Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 61:479-81.

Gebauer, B., Jendrossek, D. 2006.
Assay of PHB Depolymerase activity and product determination.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:6094-6100

Jendrossek. D. 2007.
Peculiarities of PHB granules preparation and PHA depolymerase activity determination.
Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 74:1186-1196

Papageorgiou, A.C., Hermawan, S., Singh, C.B., and Jendrossek, D. 2008.
Structural basis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) hydrolysis by PhaZ7 depolymerase from Paucimonas lemoignei.
J Mol Biol 382: 1184-1194.

Hermawan S., Jendrossek D. 2010.
Tyrosine 105 of Paucimonas lemoignei PHB depolymerase PhaZ7 is essential for polymer binding.
Polymer Degradation and Stability 95: 1429-1435

Wakadkar, S., Hermawan, S., Jendrossek, D., Papageorgiou, A.C. 2010.
The structure of PhaZ7 at atomic (1.2 °A) resolution reveals details of the active site and suggests a substrate-binding mode. Acta Cryst. F66, 648–654

Jendrossek D, Hermawan S, Subedi B, Papageorgiou AC (2013) Biochemical analysis and structure determination of Paucimonas lemoignei poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase PhaZ7 muteins reveal the PHB binding site and details of substrate-enzyme interactions. Mol Microbiol 90:649–664. doi: 10.1111/mmi.12391

 

Articles:

Jendrossek D. 2005. Fluorescence microscopical investigation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granule formation in bacteria. Biomacromolecules, 10.1021/bm049441r

Hermawan S, Jendrossek D. 2006. Microscopical investigation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granule formation in Azotobacter vinelandii. FEMS Microbiol Lett DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00506.x

Jendrossek D. Selchow O, Hoppert M. 2007. Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) granules at the early stages of formation are localized close to the cytoplasmic membrane in Caryophanon latum, Appl Environ Microbiol 77: 586–593, doi:10.1128/AEM.01839-06

Jendrossek D. 2009. Polyhydroxyalkanoate granules are complex subcellular organelles (Carbonosomes. J Bacteriol 191.  doi:10.1128/JB.01723-08

Pfeiffer D, Wahl A, Jendrossek D. 2011. Identification of a multifunctional protein, PhaM, that determines number, surface to volume ratio, subcellular localization and distribution to daughter cells of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, granules in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Mol Microbiol 82:936–951.

Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D. 2011. Interaction between poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) granule-associated proteins as revealed by two-hybrid analysis and identification of a new phasin in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Microbiology 157:2795–2807.

Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D. 2012. Localization of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) granule-associated proteins during PHB granule formation and identification of two new phasins, PhaP6 and PhaP7, in Ralstonia eutropha H16. J Bacteriol 194:5909–5921.

Wahl A, Schuth N, Pfeiffer D, Nussberger S, Jendrossek D. 2012. PHB granules are attached to the nucleoid via PhaM in Ralstonia eutropha. BMC Microbiol 12:262.

Jendrossek D, Pfeiffer D. 2014. New insights in the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules (carbonosomes) and novel functions of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). Environ Microbiol 16:2357–2373.

Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D. 2014. PhaM is the physiological activator of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) synthase (PhaC1) in Ralstonia eutropha. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:555–563.

Sznajder A, Jendrossek D. 2014. To be or not to be a PHB depolymerase: PhaZd1 (PhaZ6) and PhaZd2 (PhaZ7) of Ralstonia eutropha are highly active PHB depolymerases but have no detectable role in mobilization of accumulated PHB. Appl Environ Microbiol 16:4936–4946.

Tumlirsch T, Sznajder A, Jendrossek D. 2015. Formation of polyphosphate by polyphosphate kinases and its relationship to PHB accumulation in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 81:8277–8293.

Bresan S, Sznajder A, Hauf W, Forchhammer K, Pfeiffer D, Jendrossek D. 2016. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules have no phospholipids. Sci Rep 6:26612.

Bresan S, Jendrossek D. 2017. New insights into PhaM-PhaC-mediated localization of polyhydroxybutyrate granules in Ralstonia eutropha H16. Appl Environ Microbiol 83:e00505-17. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM

Jüngert, J. R., Patterson, C., & Jendrossek, D. 2018. Ralstonia eutropha's Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) polymerase PhaC1 and PHB depolymerase PhaZa1 are phosphorylated in vivo. Appl Environ Microbiol AEM 84:e00604, doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00604-18



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